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An Export Control System for the 1990s

Stephen King

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Published in U S Strategic Trade: An Export Control System For The 1990s

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Export controls are government regulations that restrict the export of certain goods and technologies from one country to another. These controls are designed to protect national security, foreign policy, or economic interests.

U.s. Strategic Trade: An Export Control System For The 1990s

by John Heinz

4.7 out of 5

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The export control system in place in the 1990s was a complex and ever-changing one. The United States, for example, had a two-tiered system of export controls: the Commerce Control List (CCL) and the United States Munitions List (USML). The CCL controlled the export of commercial goods and technologies that could have military applications, while the USML controlled the export of military goods and technologies.

Other countries had their own export control systems, and there were a number of international agreements in place to coordinate export controls among different countries. The most important of these agreements was the Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls (COCOM),which was established in 1949 to control the export of strategic goods and technologies to the Soviet bloc.

Goals of Export Controls

The goals of export controls are to:

* Protect national security by preventing the export of goods and technologies that could be used to develop weapons or other military applications * Promote foreign policy by supporting the goals of US foreign policy, such as non-proliferation and democracy promotion * Protect economic interests by preventing the export of goods and technologies that could harm US economic security

Challenges of Export Controls

Export controls can be difficult to implement and enforce, and there are a number of challenges to the effective implementation of export controls. These challenges include:

* The complexity of the export control system, which can make it difficult for exporters to understand and comply with the regulations * The rapid pace of technological change, which can make it difficult to keep export controls up to date * The globalization of trade, which has increased the number of countries involved in the export of goods and technologies * The proliferation of dual-use goods and technologies, which can be used for both civilian and military purposes

Effectiveness of Export Controls

The effectiveness of export controls is difficult to measure, but there is some evidence that suggests that they have been successful in achieving their goals. For example, a study by the RAND Corporation found that export controls were effective in preventing the spread of nuclear weapons to the Soviet bloc during the Cold War.

However, export controls have also been criticized for being too restrictive and for impeding the flow of legitimate trade. There is also some evidence that export controls can be ineffective in preventing the proliferation of dual-use goods and technologies.

The export control system in place in the 1990s was a complex and challenging one. However, it was also an important tool for protecting national security, promoting foreign policy, and protecting economic interests. As the world continues to change, the export control system will need to adapt to new challenges and opportunities.

U.s. Strategic Trade: An Export Control System For The 1990s

by John Heinz

4.7 out of 5